The good general is a liar. Whether he knows it or actually believes what he tells us, I don’t know. It doesn’t matter. The point is that he lies. Badly. Chronically too, for that matter.
You probably feel that this needs some explanation. I don’t, but then again I’ve served under him for the past year. You haven’t, so maybe it bears explaining.
Most likely you want me to start back at the time around when I volunteered. That’s fine, but there isn’t much to say. I joined because back then I believed. Believed what? Believed that we entered this war for the right reasons, that it was going well, that we’re incapable of making mistakes, and that a man can become a hero. Oh yeah, and it’d help pay for my education, and my family would never stop going on about my brother, Matt. Yeah, the Hero of Iardi Hill, that’s him. Anyway, I guess that stuff contributed too.
So I joined. No big deal, just fill out a form or two and you’re ready to go. After that you get shipped off to a camp where you’re trained, brainwashed, and finally shipped off to the battle at large. You probably think the brainwashing should’ve set off some alarm bells in my head, but it didn’t. Every country that ever had anything in the way of armed forces or civil defense or whatever does it, so it’s like a fact of life. That should be setting off alarm bells in your head by the way.
When my unit arrived here we were placed under the good general’s command, only he wasn’t a general then. Obviously, that was years ago. Back then he was a colonel. Not a bad one either, or at least that was how I felt at the time. He had us all fooled.
At any rate, my opinion of him held for about half a year. During that time we fought, bled, and died like every other unit. I realized just how naïve I’d been about war. War isn’t going off and shooting a bunch of monsters before your life reaches zero like in some damned video game. War is slowly freezing to death in foxholes, drinking your own urine, and being unable to sleep at night because during the day the two guys next to you got their heads blown off and their dried brains are still on your clothes.
I began to see the real world then. Not the one they tell you about where you go off into battle and come back a hero, but the one where you realize you probably aren’t coming back alive. Yeah, life’s a bitch, but that’s not what this story is about. This story’s about the good general and how he betrayed us. And that has nothing to do with the realities of war.
Like I said, all that back then isn’t important. Here’s what is:
One day (like I said, it was about half a year after I arrived), the good general came to us with our new orders. Instead of sitting there and watching the frontline like we’d been doing for months, we were finally going to press onward into enemy territory. Deep into enemy territory in fact. Like a few hundred miles. We were only told it was something big, no specifics. Only the general area and that we’d be transporting a crate full of something.
In case you’re wondering, it turned out to be Pandora’s Box.
I can’t say any of us were exactly thrilled with our new mission, but in the army you do as you’re told. We were parachuted in during the night. Unlike the frontline, where nothing lives because of all the blood in the ground, we found ourselves in a lush forest. It would’ve been beautiful if we didn’t have to worry about the enemy and all the places they could be. True, we weren’t near the frontline, but if our objective was as important as the good general had made it sound then we could expect considerable resistance.
We made sure no one was lost and the cargo was secure, then got moving. If someone saw the jump, it wouldn’t do for them to report our location after all. We figured the objective to be a good twenty miles or so to the southeast of us. Plenty of time to worry about being seen.
Plenty of time for us to talk too.
“What do you think we’re doing here?” I asked the guy next to me, Timmy. Of course I had some idea, but I needed to take the edge off somehow. Anyway, Timmy was about twice my age at the time, his hair starting to turn gray. I wouldn’t say he was smarter than the rest of us, but he tended to come off that way because he was more reserved. Like for the most part he’d only spoke if spoken to or if he noticed something important the rest of us missed (like the one time he pointed out birds flying out of the woods and it turned out to be an enemy armor unit). It’s not that he disliked us, I think he just didn’t feel the same need the rest of us do to open our mouths constantly.
“Oh, just about anything,” Timmy said. “It could be rescuing a VIP from enemy custody, taking out some new super weapon, spearheading the next major advance, you name it.”
“But why not tell us the specifics then?” I asked. Again, something I already knew.
I could see the patience going out of Timmy’s face. Talking about the inherently obvious tended to get on his nerves quickly, but we’d been around each other long enough for him to know I did it all the time when I was nervous. “The less people who know the answers, the less people who can talk. They can’t effectively torture you for answers you don’t know.”
We walked on in silence for a bit.
“So what’s eating you?” Timmy asked.
“I dunno,” I replied. “Just this feeling I have… though I guess it could just be that we’ve never been this deep into enemy territory before.”
“If that was it, then you’d sound surer of it,” Timmy said.
When Timmy was right, he was right. What I was feeling wasn’t fear of what I knew—it was fear of what I didn’t.
Not long after that that we reached our objective. It wasn’t a base, prison, super weapon, or anything else we’d been expecting. We saw what was ahead, hesitated, then kept walking. When it became clear that it was our destination, we all stopped at around the same time, hoping there’d been some kind of mistake. But there wasn’t.
“There she is boys,” the good general said, waving his arm like a salesman in a bad infomercial at the city in front of us. “That’s where we’re headed.”
“Wh… what?” one of my comrades asked.
“That’s the objective,” the good general made clear. “Your job is to destroy it.”
“But they’re civilians.”
“And your job is to eliminate them.”
“No.” When a soldier forgets to tack the word “sir” on the end of something, it’s a bad sign.
The good general took out his pistol and shot the dissenter in the face before he could react. (Of course it had a silencer on it, we weren’t to be seen yet.) “Failure to comply with this order will result in all of us being executed. For those of you who are thinking about sneaking off, I would like to remind you that this deep in enemy territory you’ll easily be found and killed if you desert.”
We stared at him like cattle. Hell, we were cattle.
“Oh, and put these on before you go down there,” he said, cracking open the crate we’d been carrying with us. It was full of Clollel military uniforms.
Our objective became sickeningly clear to me now. Now I’m sure you learned all this in school, but there are only three countries in the world: our “proud” nation of Hitarth, our enemy Lavhis, and Clollel, all bordering each other, like slices of pie. The area beyond them is the unsettled lands where the serpents dwell and beyond that is the end of the world, where no one goes for fear of falling off.
Anyway, in spite of press reports, the war had been at a stalemate on the frontlines for quite awhile. Clollel had been neutral throughout the war though they’d been known to favor us in trade. I’m sure I don’t need to tell you just how much strain that put on relations between them. Now imagine what happens when you introduce an atrocity. Suddenly our enemy’s fighting a two front war and the stalemate’s broken, probably saving millions of lives on both sides at the cost of a few hundred civilians. And if the plan fails, what do we lose?
Nothing.
“What do you want us to do with our uniforms?” Timmy asked. I wasn’t the only one who saw what was going on.
“Burn them,” the good general ordered. No evidence.
I wanted to say something, but I didn’t want a bullet in my head. Looking back on things now, I think we all wanted to say something. Damn shame we didn’t have the balls to just shoot the good general then and there. I think I’d sleep better at night if we had.
But we didn’t, we did as we were told instead. We got changed and started the fire while the good general laid out our plan of attack, which was really quite simple. Go in, massacre a bunch of people while someone keeps a lookout, set fire to the city, get out before the cavalry comes. Be seen by plenty of people.
“Oh, and while you’re at it see if you can get his body down there in a conveniently unrecognizable fashion,” the good general added, pointing to the body of the dissenter he’d shot. “Thanks.”
We started toward the city once more, the good general bringing up the rear.
“We’re not really going to do this, are we?!” I whispered to Timmy.
“Well, we’re wearing Clollel uniforms, carrying rifles, and marching toward yon city while our C.O.’s behind us ready to pop a cap if we start walking too slow. What do you think?” Timmy replied.
“I think I feel sick.” It was the first thing that came to mind.
“Then just tell yourself you’re not responsible,” Timmy said. “All you’re doing is following his order.”
“That’s right ladies, you’re not responsible,” the good general said (he must’ve overheard us). “All you’re doing is following orders. Whatever happens is my fault, and maybe the guy above me too.”
You want to know the most sickening thing about this whole mess? We believed every word of it. And that includes me, because it was something I could cling to to avoid responsibility. And you’d be surprised how much easier that makes doing something terrible to accept.
Shut the hell up and wipe that look off your face! You only think you would’ve done something better because you weren’t there! Unless you’ve been asked at gun point to massacre a bunch of people you have nothing to do with? No? I didn’t think so. Now then, if you’re done…
We stopped just before the forest ended, each of us getting ready to throw a grenade, except for a couple of guys carrying rocket launchers. On the good general’s command we let loose with the explosives in a volley, then charged into the city. They kinda stopped and stared at us like a bunch of cows after the first explosions… well, the ones who weren’t a little too close to it anyway. Then we opened fire and they panicked and ran. Most of the ones closer to us were reduced to hamburger. Automatic fire’s quite the marvel.
By the end of the first minute it was total chaos. Bullets flying everywhere. The occasional grenade. People running, screaming, dying. An old man tripped and fell trying to get away, and I buried my bayonet in his back. A family ducked down low in their car, trying to hide, and I chucked a grenade through the window. Some idiot poked his head out a window overhead, yelling at us to “pipe down.” I shot him. But all that was okay, because I wasn’t responsible. I was under orders from the good general.
I was laughing.
By then we were pretty much dispersed, the good general standing there and taking in the sites like it was a friggin’ sunset. Timmy and I made our way up the main street. At the time I thought Timmy was shooting as much as I was… even enjoying it as much as I was. But looking back I realize he wasn’t, that he only shot as much as he felt he had to, and even then I’m pretty sure it was always at non-vital areas, or people who were badly hurt already.
Not a day goes by that I don’t thank God that Timmy kept his head. Because if he didn’t sock me in the face the second we were out of the good general’s sight I think I really would have lost it. Not that I hadn’t lost it, but that I’d stay there. And I gotta tell ya, Timmy was a lot stronger than he looked. That punch knocked me to the ground. My hand went to my mouth. A tooth was missing. “What the hell’d you do that for?!” I asked.
Between the people who yell when their angry and the people who still sound calm, I think the calm ones are scarier. Timmy was one of those. “You were laughing,” Timmy said.
I kinda gawked at him. I didn’t understand, my brain felt like it’d shut itself off. “Yeah… so?” I asked, honestly confused. It felt kind of like when I got in trouble for swearing back when I was a kid. You remember how that feels, right? Like you did something really bad and you could tell from the look on your mom’s face but there was that moment before she yelled at you that you didn’t know what it was? That’s how I felt.
“Take a look around,” he said.
Something in his voice made me think he was trying really hard not to want to shoot me. I looked around, but only because he said to. I opened my mouth to say okay or something like that, but he kicked me in the balls before I could get it out.
“Do it again,” Timmy said. “And actually look this time.”
This time I really did look. What I saw wasn’t pretty. A bunch of people lying in the ground in pools of their own blood. Men. Women. Children. Some of them were still twitching, still breathing, still screaming. A man and a woman lay on the ground hand in hand, their brains mixing on the pavement. The buildings were on fire. Some still had people in them, and some of them were burning too. Off in the distance people were fleeing in huge mob while my brothers in arms mowed them down. My gaze shifted to my gun, which had blood drying on the bayonet. And then my hands, also with blood on them. (Sure, it was my own blood from when Timmy punched me and they weren’t exactly covered with the stuff, but it still got to me.) And then back at Timmy who looked like he wanted to cry more than anything in the world, crazy as that sounds.
I understood then that what I’d been doing was wrong. Not that I was responsible. No, not that. I blamed the good general and him alone. After all, I wasn’t the only one who followed his orders. Again, that’s the sort of thinking that should set off warning bells. So I did something wrong that I wasn’t responsible for. And you’re right, that does sound stupid when you say it out loud. But sometimes people think stupid things.
Timmy must’ve seen the realization in my face because instead of hitting me again he helped me up. Neither of us said anything for awhile. “We gotta do something,” Timmy said. I think it’s the only time he couldn’t stand silence.
“Like what?” I asked. It wasn’t that I couldn’t think of anything. The first thing that came to mind was to turn against my unit, but that one was gone as quickly as it had appeared. I don’t care what you think, but they were good people.
Timmy considered the question for a moment. Then his face brightened a bit.
“Well?” I asked.
He shushed me. I was about to say something again when I realized the trash can behind Timmy was crying.
Do you believe in miracles? And put some damn thought into it before you answer. I don’t want some corny, half-assed answer like “They happen every day!” or “All life is a miracle!” If you say something like that I’ll kick you.
A living child—maybe five years old at the most—in a city of death, corpses all around. If she’d been seen, she would’ve been killed without hesitation. But she wasn’t, even though bullets were embedded in the building behind her so close she must have screamed. Yes, I believe in miracles. You know what else though?
They’re bad luck.
Anyway, when Timmy lifted the lid off, she screamed like you wouldn’t believe. His hand was over her mouth in a flash. “Shh… shh…,” he whispered. “We’re not going to hurt you.” I’m not sure she was even listening the way she kept squirming to get free. When she stopped he continued. “We want to get you to safety, but there are a lot of bad people around. So we need you to be quiet, okay?” She stared blankly at him. Hesitantly, Timmy removed his hand.
She began screaming again and tried to get away. Tim caught her and we were right back where we started. “This’d be a lot easier if we just knocked her out,” I said.
Timmy shot me a disgusted look.
“No, seriously,” I said. “She wouldn’t be screaming any more and after that we could just stuff her in one of our backpacks and carry her out.”
“We’ll only knock her out if we have to,” he said hesitantly. The tone of voice he used was the one that means it’d never happen though. “But that’s a good idea with the backpack thing.” He turned back to the girl. “You gonna scream this time?”
She shook her head and, sure enough, when Timmy let go of her this time she didn’t. Less than a minute later we finished emptying Timmy’s backpack and she crawled right in.
That was when the lookout radioed for all of us to pull back. The cavalry was finally on its way to save the innocent. Good for them, but bad for us. If we decided to pull out with the unit, they’d probably find the girl and we’d be executed. If we decided to try getting the girl over to the cavalry… well, they’d probably execute us on sight. Of course if we stayed put they’d execute us too. And if we decided to run away from it all our government would hunt us down and execute us to keep a lid on things, if the good general didn’t beat them to it. Lovely situation, isn’t it?
I’m going to be honest, we should’ve gone with plan B—making sure she linked up with the cavalry. But our training took control of us just long enough to get us out of that alley and back onto the street where some of our comrades were already running, the good general among them. The only feasible option now was plan A, pull out with the unit. Because even if we got the chance to sneak off, the good general would know and come after us immediately.
I think you understand why I’m convinced miracles are bad luck now.
Timmy’s a smart guy though. He realized that if he could get behind the good general in a way he wouldn’t find suspicious, then he could duck into a side street just long enough to hide the girl and maybe even tell her to wait for the cavalry. So he purposely tripped himself.
Genius, pure genius.
The good general put a bullet in his head as he ran past. I know it seems a bit excessive. It surprised the hell out of me too. I think either the good general suspected something was going on or Timmy took too long for his liking. Or both. It doesn’t matter, the girl came crawling out of his backpack screaming either way.
I’m pretty sure the good general knew what was going on as soon as that happened since I was the one he ordered to shoot her. What’s more, he stood behind me and waited for me to do it. And I got the distinct impression that if I didn’t do it soon I’d be joining Timmy. The girl too for that matter.
Slowly, I leveled the barrel of my weapon at the girl. Our eyes met. And I finally realized that I alone am responsible for my actions. I wish I’d figured that one out a lot sooner.
“I’m waiting,” the good general said. And I heard him draw his weapon on me.
I mouthed the words “I’m sorry” and a tear slid down my cheek. She saw what I was about to do and started screaming for her mother, screaming that Timmy said we weren’t going to hurt her, screaming that she wanted to live.
I wanted to live too and I was out of time.
I shot her.
Not a day goes by that I don’t regret it. Not a night goes by that I don’t have nightmares about what I did. Not a moment goes by that I forget the look on her face when our eyes met. None of that will bring her back though. None of that’s redemption.
“Well done,” the good general said. I heard him put his pistol back. “Now hurry up, we need to—”
I whirled around and shot him before he could grab his gun again, getting him high up on the right side of his chest near his shoulder. Clearly non-fatal since he’s still alive today, but I could’ve told you that back then too since it would’ve missed all the vital organs. I’m guessing one of the men helped him to the extraction point or he made it there on his own strength, but I don’t know. I was outta there before I could see what happened to him.
Yeah, that’s right, I ran like hell. The cavalry was coming and I doubt I would’ve been able to stay alive if I finished him off and stuck with the unit. Above all though, I was scared as fuck. Shooting your commanding officer is like… well, it’s like marching into a city and murdering a bunch of people. You just don’t stick around longer than you have to. Unless you want to get caught.
The next year and a half for me was mostly uneventful. Sure, it was eventful for you, hearing about how a bunker was taken or a battle was lost every day on your ever-fucking TV, but not for me. I was just wandering in the woods, always heading east. Of course I ditched the uniform and all the gear I had that looked a little too military that first day. One of the few things I kept with me was the few grenades I’d been issued. I thought they might be useful if I was desperate for some kind of distraction. Walking around in your underwear is also pretty damn conspicuous, so I made sure to follow near road until I came to a small town, where I snuck in at night and stole some clothes from a mall. I also got a pistol to replace my rifle from an underground arms dealer the next time I passed by a large city.
I pretty much went due east after that, always away from the frontline (and hence my country). I know I said that all this time was uneventful, but that’s not entirely true. The first month was pretty damn miserable. Naturally, my country sent people, and dogs, to find me. And they definitely came close to catching me twice.
The first time was because of the dogs catching my scent. I was lucky enough to be near a river, so I dove under and swam downstream as quickly as I could, only poking my head up for air if I absolutely had to. The guys following that dog must’ve been pretty far off since no one was waiting for me when I stepped onto dry land a couple miles downriver.
The second time I stumbled onto a small unit. Again, I was lucky. I hid before they saw me and they went right by me. A group of men wearing no country’s uniform. But their gear looked like it came from back home.
After that I was pretty sure they’d lost my trail. Another miracle. Because when you know a country’s dirty secret, they don’t let you live. Whether or not you’re deep in enemy territory’s irrelevant.
That’s why I stuck to the woodlands. If civilians, spies, and satellites don’t see you, you kind of disappear. I never dreamed how much survival training would pay off so much when I was back in boot camp. And, like I said, things were uneventful. So let’s skip ahead to the part that you’ll be interested in.
A little advance warning here, this is when things get kinda weird.
Well, like I said, it was about a year and a half after the massacre in that city. Yeah, that’s right, around the time the war miraculously ended. Actually this has to do with why the war ended.
I was really deep in the woods now. Like, so deep it’d be a jungle if it was in a tropical climate. I hadn’t seen signs of civilization in three months, or another human being in almost as long. (The two are different you know? Like in the case of a hermit?) I was lost too. Very, very lost. I knew I was deep in the unexplored lands of course, but I didn’t know where.
What did I live on? Mostly rabbits. I never really had much survival training, but my brother and Timmy did and they weren’t shy about sharing it with me.
Anyway, I was walking along like always when I see a guy coming toward me. So, like always, I ducked behind a tree and hoped he wouldn’t see me. This time I wasn’t fast enough because he ducked behind a tree too. I drew my gun and held my breath, waiting for him to make the first move.
I waited a minute. Then another. And another. The forest was dead quiet, and I mean dead quiet. No sounds at all other than my own breathing. When I couldn’t take it anymore I jumped out and took aim.
The other guy did the same. That’s when things started to feel… off. The alarm bells weren’t going off yet, but the kid had his hand on the fire alarm.
“Drop it!” I screamed. I saw the other guy yell something but didn’t hear any voice but my own. And I noticed that the other guy was wearing the same thing I was, had the same weapon I had, had the same hair color, and yelled something that also consisted of two distinct syllables.
I think you see where this is going.
I lowered my weapon slowly and he did the same. We stepped toward each other until at last I was face to face with my own reflection. I reached out and touched the glass. Then I looked to the left and to the right. The forest was mirrored the whole way down. I know it sounds crazy, but it’s true! There was a mirror, and it went on for as far as I could see!
The alarm bells didn’t just go off, they exploded. I got the distinct impression I wasn’t supposed to be there, that no one was meant to see this thing, but that wasn’t enough to keep me from screaming “What the hell is this?!” at the top of my lungs. That’s how freaked out I was.
It didn’t help much when the good general answered either. “I thought you might turn up here,” he said, emerging from a hidden trapdoor in the ground. He had his gun on me before I could turn around.
“What is this?!” I hissed.
“This, my friend, is the best kept secret in the world,” the good general replied. I saw that he’d been promoted. A lot. “It’s a one-way mirror, so use your hands to block out the light and have a look. Go on.”
When I saw he wasn’t planning on shooting me immediately I did like he said. It was hard to see anything very well, but there was the edge of a cliff just beyond the mirror. The land stretched out in a barren desert at the bottom as far as the eye could see. I saw a black giant standing still atop a plateau, holding something up to the sky. I shifted around a bit until I could see better. It was a torch. The giant also had a book in its other hand and seemed to be wearing some sort of crown.
“What is that thing?” I asked.
“You’ll have to be more specific,” the good general said. “I’m not going to move close enough to have a look myself after all.”
“There’s a giant holding a torch,” I said.
“Oh, that,” the good general said. “It’s called the ‘Statue of Liberty.’ Like the name suggests, it’s a statue. It was a gift from France to the United States and is made of copper.”
“From who to who?” I asked.
“Two countries, a long, long time ago,” the good general replied. “Back when this mirror was put up, yon statue was still green.”
“Why did it turn black?” I asked.
“It corroded,” the good general replied.
Neither of us said anything for a little while. A gust of wind blew through the trees.
“So why is there a huge mirror in the middle of the forest?” I asked.
“In school you were taught that the world is flat, and if you go far enough you’ll fall right off the edge. This is actually a lie, the world, the real world is quite round. You see, the world you know today is only a mere fraction of the real world,” the good general explained. “A long time ago, back when the statue there was still green, a war broke between all the nations on this planet. Weapons that should not have been used were, and virtually everyone died. Those that we know for certain remained were the leaders of the United States at the time—our ancestors. They spent years building a gigantic bubble to live in, and when it was done they decontaminated it. Generations passed, society was rebuilt, and gradually most people forgot about the bubble. It was not rediscovered until sometime later, and the people in charge—all of them, not just the ones from our great nation—decided it should remain unknown. So you see, we’re standing at the edge of the world.”
All of that’s just a fancy way of saying we fucked up and we don’t want to remember it.
“What the hell are we at war for then?!” I asked. “How can we go to war when we know about this?! How can we be ordered to do what we did?!”
“Because they’re germs,” the good general said. “Germs in our little bubble. Now come away from there, we’ve talked long enough.”
I refused.
He fired a warning shot into the ground by my foot. “I’m not fucking with you, get over here now!”
I wasn’t stupid. I knew he wasn’t going to let me live no matter what I did. I wanted to face death head on. I’d spent too much time running. So I stood my ground and gave the good general the one fingered salute.
But he didn’t shoot me. Instead he just kind of stood there with it pointed at me, ordering me away from the mirror furiously.
And suddenly I knew why. A smile touched my lips that made the good general’s face go ghost-white. I pulled out my gun and the grenades I’d kept.
“What do you think you’re doing?!” he screamed, clearly panicking now.
“Ending this,” I replied. I don’t know if the glass was bulletproof or not, but the good general was definitely afraid of missing me and breaking the damn thing. I tossed the grenades and they landed next to the mirror several yards away.
The good general’s jaw dropped. “You did not just do that! You did not just do that!”
Taking advantage of his shock I shot the gun out of his hand. I thought about killing him, but hesitated. There’d been enough of that. “Get lost,” I said.
“What?” he asked.
That was when the grenades exploded, breaking the mirror. More bad luck. Air rushed in all at once, laced with some sort of invisible poison, and he ran. I lingered just long enough to try to find the trapdoor he came out of. The pressure difference between inside and outside caused the mirror to break further. It began shattering and I decided it was too dangerous to stay and keep looking. To this day I wonder what was down there, but if I had to guess I’d say that the people running this world built it to keep an eye on the mirror.
The war was over the next day, because they had to build a new bubble. Of course, they didn’t bother to tell people that part. When lots of people near the edge of civilization began getting sick, they made up something about biological weapons from terrorist factions that wanted the war to continue. Most people never questioned this, even though most of the effected areas had absolutely no value as targets, being sparsely populated and all.
About three years after the new bubble was done another war started. This time our great nation swallowed up all the others.
I lived in the wilderness for the next five years before deciding that I wouldn’t be able to much longer. Yeah, I’m sick with the “plague” too. It wasn’t a surprise, but the amount of time I lasted had to have been pure luck. Since I’m dying anyway, I figured I’d come back to the civilized world. I’m still alive, so I guess no one recognizes me.
About a year after that, I found out that the good general had been taking part in secret missions for the government since before my unit was assigned to him. Yeah, it was because of that special on TV about it, right after he was given the Medal of Honor.
And so now here I am, sitting in a bar with you two years after that special explaining to you why I got so pissed when I saw the good general on TV giving a speech explaining why martial law needs to be declared to prevent rebellions. Cheers.